The US Department of Agriculture established the Soil Conservation Service in 1935 during the Dust Bowl when it became apparent that soil erosion was a huge problem along with desertification. This was one of the main procedures promoted by the US Soil Conservation Service (the current Natural Resources Conservation Service) during the 1930s. However, the Romans preferred cultivation in straight furrows and this practice became standard. The Phoenicians first developed the practice of contour farming and spread it throughout the Mediterranean. Contour farming is considered an active form of sustainable agriculture. Soil erosion prevention practices such as this can drastically decrease negative effects associated with soil erosion such as reduced crop productivity, worsened water quality, lower effective reservoir water levels, flooding, and habitat destruction. Contour ploughing has been proved to reduce fertilizer loss, power and time consumption, and wear on machines, as well as to increase crop yields and reduces soil erosion. A similar practice is contour bunding where stones are placed around the contours of slopes.
Tillage erosion is the soil movement and erosion by tilling a given plot of land. This method is also known for preventing tillage erosion. In contour plowing, the ruts made by the plow run perpendicular rather than parallel to the slopes, generally furrows that curve around the land and are level. These contour lines create a water break which reduces the formation of rills and gullies during times of heavy precipitation, allowing more time for the water to settle into the soil. ( September 2009) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)Ĭontour ploughing, Pennsylvania, 1938 "Contour bunding", Catalonia, 2007Ĭontour bunding or contour farming or Contour ploughing is the farming practice of plowing and/or planting across a slope following its elevation contour lines. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations.
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